Happiness at Work among Teachers across Cultural Settings: A Guide of Teacher Effectiveness to Apply Technology-Assisted Teaching in Indonesia

Abstract

Education reformation should involve the development of psychological aspects, whose main goal is to create happiness at work for teachers. This study aims to determine a dynamic process or model of happiness at work across cultural settings for teachers in the digital era, which is appropriate for further research on Indonesian teachers. The method uses a Systematic Literature Review (SLR). Based on the reviews from 23 articles, research on teacher happiness can be explored from the point of view of the independent and dependent variable. Teacher happiness as an independent variable is a causal on other variables. Happiness at work on teachers as an independent variable affects the individual level (innovative behavior, work engagement, affective commitment, health, achievement and satisfaction), and group level such as collective efficacy and classroom management. Teacher work happiness as the dependent variable is the existence of variables that function as factors that affect teacher happiness at work. The factors of happiness at work among teachers involve individual factors (ICT efficacy, stress, personality, job satisfaction, quality of work-life and spirituality) and organizational factors (distributed leadership, transformational leadership and school climate). Measuring tools that specifically measure teacher happiness also need to be developed further. The results of this review, apart from being a theoretical review for further research, can be used as a basis for reflecting on how teacher productivity in schools can increase when work happiness is promoted. Schools can develop school happiness management by involving various variables from the results of this systematic review.