Utilization Of Tannin As Renewable Natural Pigment In The Culture Of Indonesian Batik Fabrics: A Review

Abstract

Nowadays, trends have increased to replace synthetic pigments with natural pigments (e.g., tannin) due to solid consumer demands for more natural products. Sources of tannin pigments spread in particular plant parts, e.g., leaves, stems, twigs, barks, fruits, seeds, flowers, and wood wastes. Utilization of tannin pigments by the crafters of batik fabrics which covers pigment exploration, extraction, and application, has proceeded for a long time. It aims to produce batik fabrics with unique colors, suitable motives, and friendly environments. Initially, tannin-derived colors were obtained without processing the plants. Tannin’s natural pigments have been developed and produced in liquid, paste, and dry forms. Natural pigment production not only increases the capacity of the selling price but should also exhibit biological activities that are environmentally friendly and beneficial for health. The abundant sources of tannin-rich wood wastes (e.g., mangrove origins) from forestry industries could replace mostly the need for synthetic pigments, which sound environmentally unfriendly. Wood waste utilization for tannin could encourage and create economic opportunities in forest villages, centers of mangrove wood industries, and small- and medium-scale batik/weaving enterprises. Coastal and inland motif batik crafters prefer the natural colors of tannin. Accordingly, exploring various natural sources of tannin is essential for fabric coloring, safe for food/beverages, and beneficial for health.